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Hyphoral 200mg (Ketoconazole)
Hyphoral general information
What is Hyphoral used for?
Hyphoral tablets 200mg are used to treat severe systemic fungal infections only in patients who cannot tolerate other treatments or where other treatments have failed and where the potential benefits are considered to outweigh the potential risks. Hyphoral tablets 200mg are used for systemic fungal infections caused by inhalation of the spores of a soil fungus that can affect internal organs and cause influenza-like illness with fever, cough, headaches, skin rash, and myalgia (muscle pain), such as coccidioidomycosis caused by Coccidioides immitis, Blastomycosis, caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis and histoplasmosis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum. Serious symptoms can develop including chronic lung infection and widespread infection reaching the bones, skin and urinogenital tract. Hyphoral 200 is also used to treat chromomycosis, caused by penetration of the skin by a thorn or splinter and infection by several different fungal species that spread slowly through the skin. Hyphoral tablets 200mg should not be used to treat fungal meningitis as the medication cannot penetrate into the nervous system.
How does Hyphoral work?
Hyphoral tablets 200mg contain ketoconazole, a synthetic broad-spectrum antifungal agent that specifically kills the fungus by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, an important component of fungal cell membrane that is not found in animal cells. Ketoconazole in Hyphoral tablets 200mg weakens the fungal cell membrane, causing the cell contents to leak out which kills the fungus, preventing the infection from spreading and relieving symptoms caused by the fungal infection, including pain and inflammation.
What does Hyphoral contain?
Hyphoral tablets 200mg contain the active ingredient ketoconazole, a synthetic broad-spectrum antifungal used to treat severe systemic fungal infections.
Treating systemic fungal infection with Hyphoral
Hyphoral tablets 200mg contain ketoconazole, a synthetic broad-spectrum antifungal agent that is used to treat severe systemic fungal infections in patients who cannot tolerate other treatments or where other treatments have failed and where the potential benefits are considered to outweigh the potential risks. These infections include coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis and blastomycosis, which are all caused by inhalation of spores produced by soil fungi. Symptoms usually include influenza-like illness with fever, cough, headaches, skin rash, and myalgia (muscle pain), however, these infections can be difficult to treat and can affect internal organs causing serious symptoms including chronic lung infection and widespread infection reaching the bones, skin and urinogenital tract. Ketoconazole in Hyphoral tablets 200mg inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, an important component of fungal cell membrane that is not found in animal cells, which weakens the fungal cell membrane, causing the cell contents to leak out which kills the fungus, preventing the infection from spreading.
What are the side effects of Hyphoral?
The most commonly reported side effects when taking Hyphoral include: upset stomach, stomach cramps, nausea and vomiting, diarrhoea or constipation, headache, rash, dizziness, tingling sensations, sensitivity to light, erectile dysfunction, swelling of the breast.
What are the risks of using of Hyphoral?
Ketoconazole in Hyphoral tablets 200mg can cause serious liver toxicity and can result in the need for liver transplant or be fatal. Liver function should therefore be checked before and during treatment with Hyphoral tablets 200mg. Symptoms of liver toxicity include: nausea, vomiting feel tired, stomach pain or tenderness, weight loss, or loss of appetite, dark urine or light coloured stools, yellowing of the skin or the whites of the eyes, fever or rash. Ketoconazole in Hyphoral tablets 200mg can also cause QT prolongation due to changes in the electrical activity of the heart, which can cause irregular heart beat and can be life threatening
When should Hyphoral not be used?
You should not use Hyphoral tablets 200mg if you:
- are allergic to ketoconazole or any ingredients in Hyphoral
- are pregnant or are breastfeeding
- have liver disease or are recovering from hepatitis as there is a risk of serious liver damage
- have adrenal insufficiency
- have had an abnormal heart rhythm tracing (ECG) or anyone in your family have or have had a heart problem called “congenital long QT syndrome
- drink alcohol, as this may make you feel sick or cause headache in combination with ketoconazole
- are taking medicines that interact with Hyphoral, including terfenadine, mizolastine or astemizole for allergy, halofantrine for treating malaria, cisapride for reflux, statins for cholesterol lowering (simvastatin, atrovastatin lovastatin) pimozide for mental disorders, calcium channel blockers (bepridil, epleronone, nisoldipine) for angina and high blood pressure, medicines containing ergot alkaloids such as ergotamine, antiarrhythmic drugs for irregular heat beats (quinidine, disopyramide and dofetilide), irinotecan for cancer chemotherapy
What medications interact with Hyphoral?
Several medications interact with Hyphoral tablets 200mg and should either not be taken while you are taking Hyphoral or only after discussion and instruction from your doctor:
- Drugs that cause muscle problems with Hyphoral: the cholesterol lowering statins simvastatin, atrovastatin and lovastatin.
- Drugs that prolong the QT interval with with Hyphoral: pimozide for mental disorders, cisapride for reflux, methadone, the antiarrhythmics disopyramide, dofetilide, dronedarone, and ranolazine, medicines containing ergot alkaloids such as ergotamine
- Drugs that affect Hyphoral: ritonavir for HIV, anticonvulsants like phenytoin and carbamazepine, anti-infectives like rifampicin, nevirapine, isoniazid and rifabutin
- Drugs that are affected by Hyphoral: triazolam, midazolam, or alprazolam, halofantrine for treating malaria, terfenadine, mizolastine or astemizole for allergy, calcium channel blockers (bepridil, epleronone, nisoldipine) for angina and high blood pressure, irinotecan for cancer chemotherapy
How should Hyphoral be taken?
You should take your Hyphoral tablets 200mg swallowed whole with a glass of water and with food once a day. You should continue to take your Hyphoral tablets 200mg for 5-10 days or up to several months, depending on what you are being treated for and your doctor’s recommendations. Always finish your course of tablets even if you feel better, if not, the infection may not clear up completely. Do not take medicines that neutralise stomach acid within 2 hours of taking Hyphoral 200mg tablets, as sufficient stomach acid is required for ketoconazole to be absorbed and do not drink any alcohol while taking Hyphoral tablets 200mg.
How long should you take Hyphoral?
You should continue to take your Hyphoral tablets 200mg for 5-10 days or up to several months, depending on what you are being treated for and your doctor’s recommendations.
Missed dose of Hyphoral
If you miss a dose of Hyphoral tablets 200mg take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose.
How should Hyphoral be stored?
You should store your Hyphoral tablets 200mg below 25°C in a cool dry place.
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Phenergan 25mg (Promethazine)
Phenergan general information
What is Phenergan used for?
Phenergan tablets 25mg are used to treat a variety of allergic conditions, including allergic contact dermatitis, allergic reactions to drugs, hives (urticaria), and bites and stings, to relieve symptoms of redness, swelling and itching of the skin; also to relieve upper respiratory tract symptoms of allergic rhinitis, including nasal congestion, runny itchy nose and sneezing, caused by seasonal allergies like hayfever. Phenergan tablets 25mg are also used as an antiemetic to reduce nausea and vomiting due to several conditions including postoperative vomiting, irradiation sickness, drug-induced nausea and motion sickness. Phenergan tablets 25mg have sedative properties, which can be used to help with management of the symptoms of measles and chicken pox; also for short-term sedation.
How does Phenergan work?
Phenergan tablets 25mg contain promethazine, an antihistamine belonging to phenothiazine group of drugs that also has antiemetic (prevents nausea) and sedative properties. Histamine is a chemical released from mast cells, (cells involved in allergies) as part of the body’s defence mechanism during an allergic reaction. Histamine and binds to H1 receptors in small blood vessels causing them to leak, allowing white blood cells and blood proteins into the tissues. These infiltrating cells produce inflammatory chemicals (prostaglandins and leukotrienes) that cause tissue swelling and irritation, which are symptoms of an allergic reaction. Promethazine in Phenergan tablets 25mg is an H1 receptor antagonist and works by binding to histamine receptors and blocking the action of histamine without blocking its secretion. This action blocks histamine-mediated allergic reactions, relieving symptoms in the upper respiratory tract like nasal congestion, runny itchy nose and sneezing, and in the skin like redness, swelling and itching. Promethazine in Phenergan tablets 25mg also acts on the central nervous system (CNS). Some brain neurones (nerve cells) produce histamine and the action of histamine in the brain is involved in stress and anxiety reactions. Blocking these brain histamine receptors is thought to be responsible for causing sedation. The same CNS mechanism is also responsible for the anti-emetic effect of Phenergan tablets 25mg. Motion sickness is caused by conflicting information being received by the brain from the eyes and the vestibular system in the inner ear; messages sent by the ear suggest motion, whereas the messages sent by the eye suggest that the body is still. The conflicting information received into the brain stimulates the vomiting centre of the brain to induce the vomiting reflex. Promethazine in Phenergan tablets 25mg binds to histamine receptors on cells of the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear and is also thought to bind to histamine receptors on nerve cells in the brain to block the transmission of nerve impulses from the inner ear to the vomiting center in the brain, which in turn prevents transmission of nerve signals from the brain to receptors in the stomach, so that the vomiting reflex is blocked.
What does Phenergan contain?
Phenergan tablets 25mg contain the active ingredient promethazine hydrochloride, an antihistamine belonging to phenothiazine group of drugs that also has antiemetic (prevents nausea) and sedative properties. They also contain lactose, starch maize, povidone, magnesium stearate, hypromellose, macrogol 200, blue opaspray.
Treating allergy with Phenergan
Phenergan tablets 25mg contain the antihistamine promethazine, which is used to relieve symptoms of allergy in several allergic conditions, including allergic contact dermatitis, allergic reactions to drugs, hives (urticaria), bites and stings; also allergic rhinitis caused by seasonal allergies like hayfever. Histamine is a chemical released from mast cells, (cells involved in allergies) as part of the body’s defence mechanism during an allergic reaction and binds to H1 receptors in small blood vessels causing them to leak, allowing white blood cells and blood proteins into the tissues. These infiltrating cells produce inflammatory chemicals (prostaglandins and leukotrienes) that cause tissue swelling and irritation, which are symptoms of an allergic reaction. Promethazine in Phenergan tablets 25mg is an H1 receptor antagonist and works by binding to histamine receptors and blocking the action of histamine without blocking its secretion. This action blocks histamine-mediated allergic reactions, relieving symptoms in the upper respiratory tract like nasal congestion, runny itchy nose and sneezing, and in the skin like redness, swelling and itching.
Treating motion sickness with Phenergan
Phenergan tablets 25mg contain promethazine, an antihistamine that is used to control the nausea and vomiting associated with motion sickness caused by all forms of travel including, air, sea train or car travel. The inner ear contains the vestibular apparatus, comprising the membranous labyrinth structures of the cochlea and semicircular canals, where motion or changes in the body’s position is detected and continual information about body position is transmitted to the brain. Motion causes the endolymph (fluid that fills the inner ear) to trigger electrical signals via special sensory cells sending nerve impulses via neurotransmitters (chemicals that allow nerve cells to communicate) along the auditory nerve to the brain to be interpreted. Motion sickness is caused by conflicting information being received by the brain from the eyes and the vestibular system; messages sent by the ear suggest motion, whereas the messages sent by the eye suggest that the body is still. The conflicting information received into the brain stimulates the area postrema or vomiting centre of the brain to induce the vomiting reflex. Promethazine in Phenergan tablets 25mg binds to histamine receptors on cells of the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear and is also thought to bind to histamine receptors on nerve cells in the brain and this blocks the transmission of nerve impulses from the inner ear to the vomiting center in the brain, which in turn prevents transmission of nerve signals from the brain to receptors in the stomach, so that the vomiting reflex is blocked. Phenergan tablets 25mg are also used to reduce nausea and vomiting due to several conditions including postoperative vomiting, irradiation sickness and drug-induced nausea.
Phenergan for sedation
Phenergan tablets 25mg contain promethazine, an antihistamine that has sedating properties. Promethazine in Phenergan tablets 25mg is an H1 receptor antagonist and works by binding to histamine receptors in various parts of the body including the brain. Some brain neurones (nerve cells) produce histamine and the action of histamine in the brain is involved in stress and anxiety reactions. Blocking these brain histamine receptors is thought to be responsible for causing sedation.
What are the side effects of Phenergan?
The most commonly reported side effects when taking Phenergan tablets 25mg include: dry mouth, gastro-intestinal disturbances (diarrhoea, constipation, nausea, vomiting or abdominal pain) loss of appetite, tiredness, sleepiness, restlessness, dizziness, blurred vision.
When should Phenergan not be used?
You should not use Phenergan tablets 25mg if you:
- are allergic to promethazine or any ingredients in Phenergan
- are allergic to sulphites, benzoates or phenothiazines
- are pregnant or are breastfeeding
- have had jaundice induced by other phenothiazine derivatives
- are taking medicines that interact with Phenergan, including: monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) (up to 14 days previously), tricyclic antidepressants, sedatives and hypnotics, opioid analgesics, barbiturates
Phenergan tablets 25mg should not be used for children under 2 years or for anyone in a coma.
What medications interact with Phenergan?
Several medications interact with Phenergan tablets 25mg to increase side effects and can cause a serious reaction and should either not be taken while you are taking Phenergan or only after discussion and instruction from your doctor: including: monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) (up to 14 days previously, tricyclic antidepressants, sedatives and hypnotics, opioid analgesics, barbiturates.
How should Phenergan be taken?
You should take your Phenergan tablets 25mg swallowed whole with a glass of water. The dose you take and how often depends on what you are being treated for and your doctor’s recommendation. For allergy and sedation you should take your Phenergan tablets 25mg at night. For travel sickness you should take one tablet the night before travel and you can take another dose the next day, provided 6-8 hours has elapsed. For nausea and vomiting you should take your Phenergan tablets 25mg every 4 to 6 hours as recommended by your doctor. You should continue to take your Phenergan tablets 25mg for as long as your symptoms persist, or as recommended by your doctor but for no longer than 10 consecutive days.
How long should you take Phenergan?
You should continue to take your Phenergan tablets 25mg for as long as your symptoms persist, or as recommended by your doctor but for no longer than 10 consecutive days.
Missed dose of Phenergan
If you miss a dose of Phenergan tablets 25mg take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose.
How should Phenergan be stored?
You should store your Phenergan below 25°C in a cool dry place.
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Wysolone 5 (Prednisolone 5mg)
Wysolone general information
What is Wysolone used for?
Wysolone tablets 5mg are a steroid medication used in wide range of inflammatory, allergic and immune disorders to suppress clinical symptoms of the disease. Amongst their many applications, Wysolone tablets 5mg are used to reduce inflammation in conditions where the immune system is overactive, like anaphylaxis, severe asthma, acute outbreaks of eczema and severe allergies; to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system in autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease, where the body’s immune system is directed against self, and to prevent rejection following organ transplant. Wysolone 5 is also used as an anti-cancer medication along with other drugs, to treat certain tumours like leukemia and lymphoma, and to replace a lack natural corticosteroid cortisol in conditions where there is not enough produced, such as underactive adrenal glands or congenital adrenal hyperplasia, which can affect the ability of the body to regulate blood pressure, blood sugar, energy levels, normal development and protect against stress.
How does Wysolone work?
Wysolone tablets 5mg contain prednisolone, which is corticosteroid hormone and is a synthetic derivative of the natural glucocorticoid cortisol. Prednisolone is the active metabolite of prednisone and can be converted from prednisone into prednisolone in the liver. Prednisolone in Wysolone 5 acts directly through the glucocorticoid receptor that is expressed inside most cells of the body and regulates transcription of specific genes that control many aspects of development, metabolism and the immune response. Prednisolone in Wysolone 5 has potent anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-rheumatic and immunosuppressant properties and has widespread effects acting on most tissues in the body to modify, glucose, fat, protein and calcium metabolism. The major therapeutic actions of prednisolone are to reduce the vascular (blood vessels) and cellular inflammatory response primarily by blocking the production of inflammatory chemicals, like prostaglandins and leukotrienes, from inflammatory cells to reduce the swelling, redness and pain associated with inflammation; to modify the actions of cells involved in the allergic response, and to suppress the immune system to prevent rejection following organ transplant. Prednisolone in Wysolone 5 also has anti-cancer properties and is used to prevent growth of certain tumours like leukemia and lymphoma.
What does Wysolone contain?
Wysolone tablets 5mg contain the active ingredient prednisolone a potent synthetic corticosteroid used to treat a wide range of inflammatory, allergic and immune disorders.
What is the difference between prednisone and prednisolone?
Prednisone is an inactive drug precursor that must be converted to prednisolone in the liver to become active. Prednisolone is particularly helpful for patients with liver problems who cannot metabolise prednisone into prednisolone in the liver.
Treating inflammation with Wysolone
Wysolone tablets 5mg contain prednisolone, which is a corticosteroid hormone and is a synthetic derivative of the natural glucocorticoid cortisol, with potent anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-rheumatic and immunosuppressant properties. Wysolone 5 is used in a wide range of inflammatory disorders, to suppress clinical symptoms of the disease where inflammation is caused by many different factors. For example, where the immune system is overactive, like severe asthma, acute outbreaks of eczema and severe allergies; autoimmune diseases, where the immune system is directed against self, like rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus or Crohn's disease. The anti-inflammatory actions of prednisolone in Wysolone tablets 5mg are to block the production of inflammatory chemicals, like prostaglandins and leukotrienes, from inflammatory cells which reduces the swelling, redness and pain associated with inflammation.
What are the side effects of Wysolone?
The most commonly reported side effects when taking Wysolone 5 include: increased susceptibility to infection, muscle or bone aches and pains, weight gain, thinning of skin, bone demineralisation, slow wound healing, acne, redistribution of body fat creating the typical moon face, altered vision. Also behavioural and mood disturbances such as depression, irritability, anxiety, sleep disturbances.
What are the health risks of taking Wysolone?
Long term use of Wysolone 5 may cause the adrenal glands, which produce endogenous (naturally occurring) corticosteroids, to stop working efficiently. This may slow down the growth rate in children and will need regular monitoring. Wysolone 5 may also cause decreased bone mineral density, if used for long periods. Long term use of steroids may be associated with a range of side effects such as round face, altered body shape, altered hair growth, thinning of the bones, decreased resistance to infection, increased salt and water retention, increased blood pressure and diabetes.
When should Wysolone not be used?
You should not use Wysolone 5 if you:
- are allergic to prednisolone or any ingredients in Wysolone
- are pregnant or are breastfeeding
- have thyroid, stomach, heart, kidney or liver problems, high blood pressure, mood disorders, epilepsy, diabetes, glaucoma, osteoporosis
- have any infectious disease, acute infection, systemic fungal infection, tuberculosis, uncomplicated viral hepatitis
- are due to receive a vaccination with a live virus vaccine
- are taking medicines that interact with Wysolone like anti-inflammatories such as; diclofenac, ibuprofen, mefenamic acidor naproxen; barbiturates, phenylbutazone, phenytoin or rifampicin, anticoagulants, insulin for diabetes
- are taking diuretic medicines such as the thiazides or frusemide, these may cause increased loss of potassium when taken with Wysolone 5
What medications interact with Wysolone?
Several medications interact with Wysolone and should either not be taken while you are taking Wysolone or only after discussion and instruction from your doctor:
- Drugs that cause a serious reaction with Wysolone: anti-inflammatories such as; diclofenac, ibuprofen, mefenamic acidor naproxen
- Drugs that affect Wysolone: rifampicin, barbiturates, phenylbutazone, phenytoin
- Drugs that are affected by Wysolone: live virus vaccine may be less effective, anticoagulants, insulin for diabetes
How should Wysolone be taken?
You should take your Wysolone tablets 5mg swallowed whole with a glass of water and with food. The dose of Wysolone 5 that you take, how often and for how long depends on what you are being treated for and as recommended by your doctor. You should continue to take your Wysolone 5 for as long as recommended by your doctor and should not stop taking them suddenly; withdrawal should be gradual to reduce risk of side effects.
How long should you take Wysolone?
You should continue to take your Wysolone 5 for as long as recommended by your doctor and should not stop taking them suddenly; withdrawal should be gradual to reduce risk of side effects.
Missed dose of Wysolone
If you miss a dose of Wysolone 5 take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose.
How should Wysolone be stored?
You should store your Wysolone below 25°C in a cool dry place.
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Isentress 400mg (Raltegravir)
Isentress general information
What is Isentress used for?
Isentress tablets 400mg are used to treat Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection, in combination with other HIV medications. This combination therapy is known as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). HIV impairs the immune system by attacking specific immune cells called CD4+ cells that are involved in fighting infection, which can lead to opportunistic life-threatening infection (infections that would not normally be harmful). If too many CD4+ cells are destroyed this can result in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Isentress tablets 400mg help prevent or slow down the ability of HIV to replicate, which reduces the viral load by keeping the amount virus down to a low level and this results in an increase in CD4 cell numbers, so that the immune system can recover reducing the risk of disease progression.
How does Isentress work?
Isentress tablets 400mg contains the antiretroviral raltegravir, an integrase strand transfer inhibitor. Raltegravir in Isentress tablets 400mg inhibits the catalytic activity of HIV integrase, an HIV-encoded enzyme that is required for viral replication. HIV is a retrovirus, which is an RNA virus that produces an enzyme called reverse transcriptase to transcribe its RNA into DNA. Another viral enzyme, integrase, is used to insert or integrate viral DNA into the host cell genome during the early phase of infection. By blocking the action of viral integrase, raltegravir in Isentress tablets 400mg prevents replication of the virus and thereby inhibits production of new infectious viral particles. Isentress tablets 400mg slow down the replication of HIV within your body but does not kill the virus already incorporated in the CD4+ cells or prevent the spread of the infection to others.
What does Isentress contain?
Isentress tablets 400mg contain the active ingredient raltegravir, an antiretroviral used in the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. They also contain microcrystalline cellulose, lactose monohydrate, calcium phosphate dibasic anhydrous, hypromellose 2208, poloxamer 407, sodium stearyl fumarate, magnesium stearate.
Treating HIV infection with Isentress
Isentress tablets 400mg contain the antiretroviral drug raltegravir, an inhibitor of the viral integrase enzyme. HIV impairs the immune system by attacking specific immune cells called CD4+ cells that are involved in fighting infection, and this can lead to opportunistic life-threatening infection (infections that would not normally be harmful), including pneumonia, herpes virus infections, and Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection. If too many CD4+ cells are destroyed this can result in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV is a retrovirus, which is an RNA virus that produces an enzyme called reverse transcriptase to transcribe its RNA into DNA. Another viral enzyme, integrase, is used to insert or integrate viral DNA into the host cell genome during the early phase of infection. Raltegravir in Isentress tablets 400mg works by blocking the action of the viral integrase and this inhibits viral replication and thereby inhibits production of new infectious viral particles. Isentress tablets 400mg are used in combination with other HIV medications to slow down the replication of HIV within your body but they do not kill the virus already incorporated in the CD4+ cells or prevent the spread of the infection to others.
What are the side effects of Isentress?
The most commonly reported side effects when taking Isentress tablets 400mg include: nausea, vomiting, headaches, tiredness, inflammation of the nasal passages and throat, trouble sleeping, upper respiratory tract infection, cough, fever, bronchitis, back pain and depression. A more serious but less common side effect is a condition is a severe skin reaction including Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis.
When should Isentress not be used?
You should not use Isentress tablets 400mg if you:
- are allergic to raltegravir or any ingredients in Isentress
- are pregnant or are breastfeeding
- are taking medicines that interact with Isentress, including antacids containing aluminium and/or magnesium, the anti-infective rifampicin
How should Isentress be taken?
You should take your Isentress tablets 400mg with a glass of water twice daily, with or without food and in combination with other antiretroviral drugs that have been prescribed. You should continue to take your Isentress tablets 400mg for as long as recommended by your doctor, and you will be monitored carefully to ensure that you do not develop any serious side effects, in which case your doctor will probably recommend that you stop taking your Isentress tablets 400mg.
How long should you take Isentress?
You should continue to take your Isentress tablets 400mg for as long as recommended by your doctor, and you will be monitored carefully to ensure that you do not develop any serious side effects, in which case your doctor will probably recommend that you stop taking your Isentress tablets 400mg.
Missed dose of Isentress
If you miss a dose of Isentress tablets 400mg take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose.
How should Isentress be stored?
You should store your Isentress below 25°C in a cool dry place.
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Ivrea 1 (Ivermectin 1%) Cream
Ivrea 1 general information
What is Ivrea 1 used for?
Ivrea 1 cream 1% is a topical treatment for the inflammatory lesions caused by Rosacea, which is a chronic skin condition characterised by a red rash mainly on the face including the cheeks, nose, chin and forehead. Symptoms of rosacea include flushing, red spider veins (telangiectasia), papules (hard pimples), pustules (pus-filled pimples), dry flaky skin, swelling of the face and eyes, burning skin, sore eyes and thickening of the skin. Rosacea differs from acne by not producing blackheads or cysts. There is an inherited disposition for rosacea but also several factors exacerbate the condition by increasing blood flow to the skin and causing inflammation. These include sun exposure, cold temperatures, strong winds, some medications like steroids, certain foods like spicy foods, cheese and chocolate, hot drinks, wine, some facial creams and cosmetics, and stress. The Dermadex mite that inhabits the facial hair follicles are a normal inhabitant of the skin and usually causes no problems. However, they are found in greater numbers in the skin of those suffering from rosacea and are thought to be a trigger for inflammation. Rosacea can also affect emotional well-being and mental health which may result in social phobias, anxiety, and depression. Ivrea 1 cream 1% helps relieve symptoms of rosacea and reduce the inflammatory lesions.
How does Ivrea 1 work?
Ivrea 1 cream 1% is contains ivermectin that is used to treat inflammatory lesions of rosacea. Although the mechanism of action of ivermectin in the treatment of rosacea is not fully known, it is known to have anti-parasitic and anti-inflammatory properties. Ivermectin in Ivrea 1 cream 1% inhibits the production of inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-1 (IL-1) and increases the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines like Interleukin-10 (IL-10) by macrophages at the site of inflammation1, 2. Ivermectin in Ivrea 1 cream 1% may reduce inflammation by interacting directly with the nervous system of the Dermadex mite that is thought to be a trigger for inflammation in rosacea. Ivermectin stimulates overproduction of neurotransmitters in the mite, without effect on skin cells, causing paralysis and killing the mite. Reducing inflammation helps reduce the lesions and blemishes caused by rosacea, and the mild moisturising base of Ivrea 1 cream helps soothe symptoms of rosacea.
What does Ivrea 1 contain?
Ivrea 1 cream 1% may contains the active ingredient ivermectin (10mg/gm) in a cream base that is used to treat inflammatory lesions of rosacea.
Treating rosacea with Ivrea 1
Ivrea 1 cream 1% is contains ivermectin, and anti-parasitic and anti-inflammatory that is used to treat inflammatory lesions of rosacea, a chronic skin condition with an inherited disposition characterised by a red rash mainly on the face including the cheeks, nose, chin and forehead. Symptoms of rosacea include flushing, red spider veins (telangiectasia), papules (hard pimples), pustules (pus-filled pimples), dry flaky skin, swelling of the face and eyes, burning skin, sore eyes and thickening of the skin, but differs from acne by not producing blackheads or cysts. Symptoms of rosacea can be triggered by sun exposure, cold temperatures, strong winds, some medications like steroids, certain foods like spicy foods, cheese and chocolate, hot drinks, wine, some facial creams and cosmetics, and stress. The Dermadex mite that inhabits the facial hair follicles are a normal inhabitant of the skin and usually causes no problems. However, they are found in greater numbers in the skin those suffering from rosacea and are thought to be a trigger for inflammation. Rosacea can also affect emotional well-being and mental health which may result in social phobias, anxiety, and depression. Ivermectin in Ivrea 1 cream 1% is thought to work by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines and also by interacting directly with the nervous system of the Dermadex mite and killing the mite. Ivrea 1 cream 1% helps reduce inflammation and relieves symptoms of rosacea.
What are the side effects of Ivrea 1?
The most commonly reported side effects when taking Ivrea 1 cream 1% include burning sensation and irritation at the site of application.
When should Ivrea 1 not be used?
You should not use Ivrea 1 cream 1% if you:
- are allergic to ivermectin or any ingredients in Ivrea 1
- are pregnant or are breastfeeding, without discussion with your doctor
How should Ivrea 1 be used?
You should apply your Ivrea 1 cream 1% once daily by adding small amount of cream to your fingertip and spread as a thin layer by rubbing gently into the affected areas. Avoid contact with the eyes and lips. You should continue to apply your Ivrea 1 cream 1% for as long as recommended by your doctor, which may be for up to 12 weeks.
How long should you take Ivrea 1?
You should continue to apply your Ivrea 1 cream 1% for as long as recommended by your doctor, which may be for up to 12 weeks.
Missed dose of Ivrea 1
If you miss a dose of Ivrea 1 cream 1% apply it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to apply the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not apply a double dose.
How should Ivrea 1 be stored?
You should store your Ivrea 1 cream 1% below 25°C in a cool dry place.
References
- Raedler LA. Soolantra (Ivermectin) 1% Cream: A Novel, Antibiotic-Free Agent Approved for the Treatment of Patients with Rosacea. Am Health Drug Benefits 2015 Mar; 8(Spec Feature): 122–125.
- Ci X, Li H, Yu Q, et al. Ivermectin exerts anti-inflammatory effect by downregulating the nuclear transcription factor kappa-B and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation pathway. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2009;23:449-455
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